Non-Invasive Imaging of Pediatric Abdominal Tumors: The Role of Ultrasound and Complementary Modalities

Abstract

Background: Pediatric abdominal tumors present a diagnostic challenge due to nonspecific clinical symptoms and the need to minimize invasive procedures and exposure to ionizing radiation. Imaging is central to early detection, tumor characterization, and clinical management. Objective: To review the role of non-invasive imaging in pediatric abdominal tumors, with a focus on ultrasound as a first-line diagnostic modality, and to compare its utility with other noninvasive techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. Methods: A narrative review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted, emphasizing studies on diagnostic accuracy, safety, and clinical applications of non-invasive imaging in pediatric abdominal tumors. Imaging guidelines, consensus statements, and recent technological advances were included Results: Ultrasound is a highly effective, safe, and accessible first-line imaging tool for initial evaluation. Its real-time imaging, absence of ionizing radiation, and high diagnostic accuracy make it valuable for early detection and follow-up. Magnetic resonance imaging provides superior soft-tissue characterization and staging, whereas computed tomography is reserved for selected cases despite radiation concerns. Conclusion: Non-invasive imaging is essential for diagnosing and managing pediatric abdominal tumors. Ultrasound, complemented by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography when indicated, provides a child-safe strategy that improves diagnostic confidence, guides clinical decision-making, and enhances patient outcomes. Advances in technology and standardized imaging protocols are expected to further optimize pediatric tumor evaluation.